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Diagnosis

For me, it took years to get a proper diagnosis.

Earlier diagnosis and treatment, may have prevented me from enduring 4 re-bores of my saliva ducts and having one gland removed. However because individuals symptoms can differ,diagnosis can be most difficult. Proper diagnosis is essential for your peace of mind.

How is primary Sjogren's syndrome diagnosed?

The diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome is based on several factors, including:

• Presence of dry eyes and mouth
• Dry eyes can be detected by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) by measuring tear production or carefully examining the cornea (clear part of the eye).
• Certain laboratory tests also suggest that dry eyes and mouth are caused by autoimmune mechanisms
• Examples include the presence of auto antibodies in the blood, known as anti-SSA or anti-SSB (also known as anti-Ro or anti-La).
• Biopsy of the inner lip (performed in some cases to prove the diagnosis of primary Sjogren's syndrome). The biopsy may show inflammation damaging salivary glands.

How is secondary Sjogren's syndrome diagnosed?

Secondary Sjogren's syndrome is generally diagnosed when someone with an established autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus develops extreme dryness of the eyes and mouth. This diagnosis only rarely requires a lip biopsy.

Can other problems mimic Sjogren's syndrome?

Sometimes, the use of certain medications mimic the symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome. Medications such as tri cyclic anti-depressants, antihistamines, radiation treatments to the head and neck and other autoimmune disorders can also cause severely dry eyes and mouth.